GLP-1 & Incretin Peptides

Triple agonist of the GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptors (investigational incretin/metabolic peptide)

Retatrutide is an investigational once-weekly injectable peptide from Eli Lilly that activates three metabolic hormone receptors (GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon). It is not approved by any regulator as of 2026; it is being evaluated in the Phase 3 TRIUMPH program for obesity, type 2 diabetes, and related conditions.

Dual agonist of the GIP and GLP-1 receptors (incretin-based metabolic peptide)

Tirzepatide is a once-weekly injectable dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist from Eli Lilly, marketed as Mounjaro (type 2 diabetes) and Zepbound (chronic weight management). It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the SURPASS (diabetes) and SURMOUNT (obesity) Phase 3 programs.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist

Semaglutide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist from Novo Nordisk, marketed as Ozempic and Rybelsus (type 2 diabetes) and Wegovy (chronic weight management and cardiovascular risk reduction). It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the SUSTAIN, STEP, and SELECT trial programs.

Long-acting amylin (and calcitonin) receptor agonist / amylin analogue

Cagrilintide is an investigational once-weekly long-acting amylin analogue from Novo Nordisk being studied for weight management, most prominently in a fixed-dose combination with semaglutide called CagriSema. As of 2026 it is not approved by any regulator; a CagriSema new drug application has been filed with the FDA with a decision expected later in 2026.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (acylated GLP-1 analogue)

Liraglutide is a once-daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist from Novo Nordisk, marketed as Victoza (type 2 diabetes) and Saxenda (chronic weight management). It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the LEAD, SCALE, and LEADER trial programs. It is a prescription medicine used under medical supervision.

Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (GLP-1 analogue fused to a modified human IgG4 Fc fragment)

Dulaglutide is a once-weekly injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist from Eli Lilly, marketed as Trulicity for type 2 diabetes and for cardiovascular risk reduction in adults with type 2 diabetes. It is FDA- and EMA-approved and TGA-registered, supported by the AWARD trial program and the REWIND cardiovascular outcomes trial. It is a prescription medicine used under medical supervision.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist; synthetic exendin-4

Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist and a synthetic version of exendin-4, marketed as Byetta (twice daily) and Bydureon (extended-release, once weekly) for type 2 diabetes. It was the first GLP-1 receptor agonist approved (FDA 2005) and is EMA-authorized and TGA-registered; its cardiovascular safety was evaluated in the EXSCEL trial. It is a prescription medicine.

Dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors (investigational metabolic peptide)

Survodutide is an investigational once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist being developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma for obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). It is not approved by any regulator as of 2026; it is being evaluated in Phase 3 trials.

Dual agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptors; a synthetic oxyntomodulin analogue

Mazdutide is a once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist (an oxyntomodulin analogue) developed by Innovent Biologics, in-licensed from Eli Lilly. It was approved in China by the NMPA in 2025 for chronic weight management and for type 2 diabetes. It is not approved by the FDA, EMA, or Australia's TGA, where it remains investigational.

Oral small-molecule (non-peptide) agonist of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor

Orforglipron is a once-daily oral, non-peptide (small-molecule) GLP-1 receptor agonist from Eli Lilly. The US FDA approved it (brand name Foundayo) in April 2026 for chronic weight management in adults with obesity, or overweight with weight-related conditions. It is not yet approved for type 2 diabetes and is not yet authorized by the EMA or Australia's TGA. It is a prescription medicine used under medical supervision.

Synthetic amylin analog (amylinomimetic)

Pramlintide (Symlin) is a synthetic analog of the pancreatic hormone amylin, FDA-approved in 2005 as a mealtime injectable adjunct to insulin for adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who have not reached glucose targets despite optimal insulin therapy. It is marketed only in the United States, is not authorized by the EMA, and is not registered by the Australian TGA.

Peptide-antibody conjugate with GLP-1 receptor agonist and GIP receptor antagonist activity

Maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide, AMG 133) is an investigational once-monthly injectable from Amgen that combines GLP-1 receptor agonism with GIP receptor antagonism in a single peptide-antibody conjugate for obesity and type 2 diabetes. It is not approved by any regulator; a published Phase 2 trial reported up to about 20 percent mean weight loss, and Phase 3 trials are planned.

Unimolecular GLP-1 and amylin receptor co-agonist

Amycretin is an investigational single-molecule GLP-1 and amylin receptor co-agonist from Novo Nordisk, in development as both a subcutaneous injection and an oral tablet for weight management. It is not approved anywhere; a Phase 1b/2a subcutaneous trial reported up to about 24 percent mean weight loss at 36 weeks in the highest-dose group, and Novo Nordisk has moved the program into Phase 3.

Short-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (exendin-4 based incretin mimetic)

Lixisenatide is a once-daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Sanofi for type 2 diabetes, sold as Adlyxin in the United States and Lyxumia in Europe and Australia. It was authorized by the EMA in 2013 and the FDA in 2016, but the standalone product was later withdrawn from the Australian (2021), US (2023), and European (2025) markets for commercial reasons, and lixisenatide now reaches patients mainly through the fixed-ratio insulin glargine combination (Soliqua/Suliqua).

Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (exendin-based, once-weekly)

Efpeglenatide is an investigational once-weekly injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist. It is not approved by any major regulator. In the Phase 3 AMPLITUDE-O outcomes trial (NEJM 2021), efpeglenatide reduced major adverse cardiovascular and kidney events compared with placebo in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk.

Long-acting amylin (islet amyloid polypeptide) receptor agonist for weight management

Petrelintide is an investigational long-acting amylin analog being developed by Zealand Pharma and Roche for chronic weight management. It is not approved by any regulator. In the Phase 2 ZUPREME-1 trial it produced up to about 10.7% mean body-weight reduction at week 42 versus 1.7% with placebo, and the companies plan to advance it into Phase 3.

Recombinant glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog

Teduglutide is a recombinant glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analog approved to reduce dependence on parenteral (intravenous) support in people with short bowel syndrome. The FDA approved it as Gattex in December 2012 and the EMA authorized it as Revestive in August 2012.